welcome to "this week in defense news." i'm vago muradian. sharing lessons from afghanistan to help cash strapped members preserve capabilities. plus, cane's former defense minister on the future of afghanistan. bullet first, rising tensions in the east china sea, where china has extended its air defense identification zone to overlap territory long claimed by japan, south korea and taiwan. vice president joe biden has urged restraint and encouraged

all parties to resolve their territorial claims peacefully. during a three-day swing through the region. and washington has said that the u.s. military will continue operating normally, refusing chinese calls for identification. but washington has also instructed civil airliners to follow beijing's new guidelines for the sake of safety. china has made the move to assert its claims over on the unpopulated islands, administered by japan, to force japan to back down, beijing has ratcheted up air and sea patrols and tokyo responded in kind of here to talk to us about china's aim and what is next are two leading asia analyst, bonnie glazer for the center for international studies and randy shriver the partner in armitage number who served in the state department as an asia hand during the bush administration. guy, welcome to the show. or welcome back. in both of your cases. bonnie, let me start with you, and i would like to get your view on this, randy, also. why did the chinese do this now? was it response to the pivot? a response to japan?

how dangerous is it for the region? >> i think there are a lot of drivers of the decision at this time to announce this air defense identification zone. part of it is domestic. the chinese president is seeking to rally to his side and support of his agenda. and as he implements economic reforms which are going to be very controversial and he is going to have to some -- there will be some negative impact on invested interests in china. this is popular with the pla, with law enforcement agencies, and i think that is one factor. and japan is clearly another factor. the chinese want to change the status quo in the region. so that these disputed islands are essentially under china's administrative control. then i think there is a third factor that i think it is especially important. and that is that china is seeking to control, first, deny the u.s. navy access to, and then later, to actually exert control over its nare sea, the

east china sea, the south china sea and the yellow change and they're pushing us back to the first island change and the longer term goal is the second island chain which is as far back as guam. >> randy, how dangerous do you think this is ultimately? >> i think there are a i think the near term danger is the operating environment there carries a lot more risks. a chance for accident. miscalculation. because the chinese have basically announced a way in which it is uncertain how they will enforce or whether they can enforce it and that adds immediate risk. the think the longer term risk, are the chinese on a campaign to salami slice their way out to greater and greater control to the first island chain as bonnie mentioned and this is a step in that direction and i think this challenge has to be mitt head-on. >> vice president biden was in china and had a four-hour meeting and a lot of it is kept private what the conversation was like. has the administration

responded in the right way? what does the united states have to go over the long term, given that china is playing a strategic long term gain? >> the united states' reaction to this i think initially was quite good. secretary of state kerry issued a very clear statement, and defense secretary hagel also issued a clear statement that we would not recognize this new zone. that we particularly had problems with the procedures that china announced. which meant that aircraft that are flying through the area, but not heading to chinese territory have to file flight plans and other information in advance. after that, i think the administration started to get their messages very mixed up. the state department spokesman thinks that people who are traveling with the president are saying it is not clear whether the united states is demanding that the procedures be changed, whether just the implementation of the procedures be different than they were announced. so i don't think that the

message right now today is very clear. and i would say, just add that the united states must, after we have explained our concerns to the chinese president, we understand he is taking them on board, there must be some consequences. if the chinese don't take steps to address our concerns. >> randy? >> i would say three things. the united states needs to continue the freedom of navigation maneuvers and keep that consistent. >> the bomber carrier and other aircraft? >> b-52s, this he need to keep it a consistent feature. we shouldn't have any daylight with us and the chinese and the south koreans and we have seen a little bit of light in the aircraft guidance and that should be closed up. in addition to any differences between japan and south korea can have, this is an opportunity, we can harvest the opportunity to bring the two close allies of ours closer together with one another. >> and looking to each other not as the problem as opposed to china as the problem. >> and over the longer term, the third thing, i agree completely with china, the

chinese need to see consequences and that can show up in a variety of way, and there are things we know they will not receive well, things done with the china u.s. alliance, things done with taiwan. they need to see a track record of provocative steps that are met with consequences. >> and there are nose who -- there are those who would argue, how do you apply pressure on a country that is economically inter linked with all of these countries and put pressure on them? >> pressure does not have to be economic. i think that closer u.s./japan/korea cooperation in this case is particularly important. i do hope that the koreans find a way to reconcile some of the differences with japan and work more closely with the united states and japan. in protecting security in the region. if chinese actions are destabilizing and they are causing the region to be less secure, then we should be taking steps that make it more secure. >> guy, thank you very much. we really appreciate it. coming up one of nato's top

generals on how the alliance will preserve afghanistan lessons after the current mission ends. you're watching "this week in defense news."

the war in afghanistan is winding down and powe are consi next steps in the country after 1230 20á 14. the u.s. is negotiating to keep a excuse me force in afghanistan in 2015 and beyond. but others like canada are withdrawing entirely. at the recent hall fax international security forum i met with john pair pallamero, and the nato consume allied. and as nato plans to make a transition after a dozen years of war, i asked what afghanistan lessons need to be remembered and what issues nato

must be focused on in the years ahead. >> first, i would like to correct this perspective of a post-2014 afghanistan. that will not be the change. it will be changing and assists and advising forces, which is crucial for the transition in afghanistan and help afghanistan to build its own military forces of the future. what we have learned, that we must be ready, any time for any kind of conflict. and afghanistan is a single example. but at the same time you will remember that you have to cope with the libya conflict and many other engagements. mali for example. >> that is another perspective as well. >> and a lot of nato supporting countries. and that is the conclusion, the conclusion is that firstly, we must absolutely take the lessons in terms of command control, in terms of stability, and we are building a new future mission network, very

much different. and we had to build in afghanistan, because it didn't exist, to make sure that all of the forces were under the command and control that was effective enough, with the joint intelligence, and it was absolutely crucial. so we will build on those lessons. and we must capitalize as well on our ability to work together. all together, 50 countries working under the nato umbrella. so it is crucial that we are able to project forward. and this is exactly the aim of the connected forces initiative that we launched and that we are implementing now. one year ago, this was a concept. today, it is a real plan. and when we solve that, we will have major advances and a new education and training center. >> and how is the investment focus, do you think, and the strategic focus, going to shift as we look beyond a steady state afghanistan operation? >> i think we will very -- nato was very wise to invest in command and control. command and control is absolutely crucial. and now, we have a new

technology. we understand much better how we can interact at a distance. we must, as well, deploy some demand and control elements. and how we can empower, i who say, the strategy corporal in the field, with the new technology. so we have a lot of things. in terms of the country as well. and certainly in the air/land domain, how we work again better together. we improve the efficiency. and the keys are the joint intellnnceg of everything. and afterwards, selective measures, selective effects to reach the best level of efficiency, i would say, on the realm, depending on the effects that we are really expecting from those system, those people, those men and women. >> you just had an industry day. have you been going around the world to try to solicit the best ideas from industry. you just got back from istanbul. what were you looking for, from

industry, what do you want to see from industry? >> well, what i would see, that was a clear outcome of istanbul, a nato forum, it is more interaction with us in preparing the future. everybody understands that the budgets are constrained. that there are some difficulties to launch a new investment. which are never theless absolutely in defensible. so we had to work on in transition face when we had to prepare future investment when hopefully the crisis will be over and how we replace that capability, and how much system can help, improving the efficiencies, and the industry has got a lot of innovation, so a lot of good ideas that we could as well integrate in addition. but we need the industry the best of future concepts as well. >> what is the future concept?

smart defense is one of the top priorities. have you been in the job now for a year. what are some of the things you're telling the industry about what that future concept is? >> first we have to talk about the possibilities and the limits and the new technology, and would they bring more efficiency, reduce the costs? which is one thing. or would you see the future system being more and more expensive? which cannot be the case. because we will not have more money. so this is part of the equation. what is the human influence in that? how do we train? what skills we need really to develop and then to employ those systems? this is key for us. because we are preparing the next generations to do that. there is a lear need for interaction. between the -- clear need for interaction, between the nations, with many players. >> what are the boundaries of robotic warfare? what is it -- because that is

the big debate now what is acceptable in the unmanned real. what do you see the boundaries of what is manned and what is unmanned? >> my main perspective, as you say when i was in the air force, was really to push this idea of remotely pilot aircraft. why is that? because the men must keep the control, must be kept in the loop. but obviously, we have more and more opportunities for more you a autonomous system. so we have to find the balance ofthe center of gravity of the systems, the men deciding, the men applying the rules of load, the rules of conflict. but on the other hand, being helped by this automatic system. and it may be in term of systems and precision and prevention of human life, because those systems save lives and we must remind yourself. so what will be the next step? this is part of the equation that we have to strike with

industry. we must not be afraid of technology. we must match the technology for the best. and if we don't do that, the technology will, it could master us. >> is the idea though that when the firearm was introduced, knights complained it was somehow not noble, that it was an unjust way of warfare, and same thing happened with the introduction of the machine gun. the same thing happened with the introduction of the submarine for example that was considered, you know, inhumane. are some of -- is this just an unmanned aircraft and unmanned strike platforms? >> absolutely. we are not as good as we should have in explaining what we expect and exactly what to say, that this system helps us. they improve the presence. and avoiding collateral damage. the decisions are much more relevant than they were. we are a little bit, putting some light on the world, and

then we are able -- we are developing, for instance, a project on contra-mining and submarine, marine type of contra-mining, which can save a lot of energy, money, and be much more effective than what we do today. >> sir, thanks very much for joining us. >> thank you. up next, canada's justice minister on the important role women need to play in afghanistan's transformation. stay tuned.

peter mckay is one of the most influential leaders having to serve as a defense minister and foreign minister and attorney general by the age of 48. he has spent time in dianaf forces have served since late 2001 and continue to serve before pulling out for good in march, 2014. i caught up with him at the recent hall fax international security forum he founded as defense minister and i asked him about the role his justice ministry can play in a smart power support to future security affairs. >> well, i think the rule of law is very fundamental to all that we e ng to accomplish through our joint security efforts, whether it is through diplomacy, whether it is military intervention, reconstruction, countries like afghanistan, but one of the very foundational pillars of a country has to be based around the rule of law. and the fundamental acceptance, of basic human rights. >> isn't that a training challenge, i mean one of the comments you made which i

thought was very funny, especially coming from a position of your stature, that the one place in the world that needs more lawyers is afghanistan. how important of a piece of that is it to train more lawyers around the world? not just in afghanistan but in other sort of conflict riddled places. >> i fundamentally believe that it is true. i think that from the administrative side, lawyers of course bring a great deal of know-how and structure, and principals of law, but the basic respect for justice evolves over time, and clearly, some countries still have much traction that has to occur. and you know, i would add to that very quickly that we need women in those positions. we need female lawyers and judges. and administrators. and decision makers in government. and that is, if it is something that i could point to that would be transformative in a country like afghanistan, and others that we could name, syria, i would say it is that. i would say that having women in those decision-making

positions. >> aren't you optimistic? you spent an enormous amount of time in afghanistan, when you were defense minister. where do you see the country going now? i mean the pullout is just around the corner. are you hopeful? are you optimistic that what folks are going to be leaving behind is going to be self sustaining and actually not go to the way say of an iraq? >> it is uncertain. but by nature, i'm an optimist. canada has made tremendous sacrifices and investments, as have many, many other countries of course, and this is really going to require that comprehensive approach that we speak of at nato tables and foreign affairs gatherings around the world. i believe the fundamentals are there. we have built their security capacity. they have well over 350,000 people in uniform. army and police. and they have i think a much greater understanding of what freedom feels like. and you know, it is not lost on me that they have had three

successful elections. albeit it flawed, albeit it very serious allegations of corruption. and yet people came out and they voted. under the taliban, and shortly after, that was absolutely unheard of. so there is progress. there are substantial things you can point to. education. canada made it a priority to build 50 schools. immunizing children. getting basic health in place. improving the infrastructure of the country. so they could move away from a drug economy. to a more diverse and traditional egrarian type of economy. so we put in place the road map opportunities. will the afghan people be able to achieve it? much will turn on their governance and their own leadership. but we have laid that opportunity in front of them. i don't think we can back away from the necessity to continue assisting. canada has committed $100 million ongoing. and there is an old legal maxim that says once you start to

render assistance, you have to continue. you can't let somebody drown. and i think the international community does recognize that. and also that the stakes are high. there are many, as is the case ongoing, in syria that are playing in this particular part of the world and st needs to win. there needs to be an ongoing and lasting stability in that country, and in that region. >> let me ask about the security conference and you were the founder of this event, in hall fax, and has it developed the way you expected and where do you think it is going to be five years from now? >> well, i'm really proud and i'm humbled the by the number of people who have made this a success. and continue to attend every year. senator john mccain and others who come here with such a thoughtful and i would say constructive approach, to the discussion, and this forum naturally fosters this sense of comfort and inclusion, that really allows people to be

unscripted and spontaneous, and i know sometimes people in government offices are a little bit nervous about that. but at the same time, i think it causes a natural synergy of ideas and really creative and sometimes outside the box discussions. >> sir, thanks very much for your time. >> my pleasure. thank you. coming up, my notebook. we wwhen we realized we'd ome left gear behind. rain we were up the creek without a paddle. i mean, we literally needed paddles! campbell had left 'em in his garage. thankfully i had my navy federal credit union credit card on me, so we got new paddles and earned cash back. next time we'll remember the paddles. seriously? and forget campbell. 4 million members. 4 million stories. navy federal credit union.

late last month, china

unilaterally extended its air defense identification zone to cover nearly all of the east china sea to secure the islands administered by jam but claimed by china. the obama administration urged caution but stressed that the u.s. military will not recognize china's demand and stand by the ally japan. after china scrambled fighters to intercept nines through the zone, the u.s. urged airliners to comply with the new rules for safety sake. after vice president joe biden last week spent four hours with the china's foreign minister, he says they should exercise restraint. neither disclosed what the two discussed privately. china's move is provocative. a dramatic step to impose its will as a part of concerted drive to take territory it views as its own emboldened by the growing economic and military might and the conviction that the neighbors will back down, china is directly challenging washington's influence across

asia. and beijing has already started deeper incursions in india and hassling vietnam. as the region's security guarantor, washington must push back against china with pressure of its own. failing to do so is the surest way to destabilize the region and achieve china's other aim, undermine america's reputation as a reliability security partner. thanks for joining us for "this week in defense news." i'm vago muradian. you can watch this program online at defense news tv .com or e-mail me. thanks to nato's allied commander and canada's organization, and defense ministers for their help. i will be back next week at the same time. until then, have a great week.

can type one diabetes be prevented or delayed? we will speak with scientists who are testing tens of thousands of people to find out. >> in the affordable care act, what does obama care mean for patients with type one diabetes? i'm steve olsen. welcome to "biocentury this week." type one diabetes is a life- threatening disease that often strikes children. type one diabetics face a lifelong struggle as the patient's own body slowly destroys its insulin producing cells. unlike type es, type one cannot be prevented with lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. type one patients can only test their blood frequently and inject themselves with insulin

but researchers hope it may be possible to use drugs to prevent and delay and reverse the progression of type one diabetes. patient groups have formed an international consortium called trial net to pursue this huge goal. >> i'm pleased to be joined by two nih diabetes researchers, dr. ellen lessic and dr. lisa spain, and cynthia wright, senior vice president for advocacy and policy for the juvenile diabetes research foundation. let's start by asking you all, type one diabetes, it is really a different disease from type two diabetes, isn't it? and how is it different? and how is it different for patients? >> well, type one diabetes is historically known as juvenile diabetes, but in truth, it can occur at a variety of ages, including adults. the main difference between type one and type two diabetes is type one diabetes is caused by an immune reaction that slowly